Table of Contents
PPT Slide
Basic Modern Cath Lab or Angiography Suite Fluoroscopic Equipment
Introduction
How can we do this, in general?
Staff Exposure Reduction Methods
TIME
DISTANCE
SHIELDING
Specific Radiation Safety Concepts
Continued
Continued
Radiation Exposure and Dose Units
State Regulatory Limits of X-Ray Exposure
F.D.A.’S CONCERNS
Procedures With Extended Fluoroscopy Times
Procedures With Extended Fluoroscopy Times, Cont.
F.D.A.’s Recommendation
PATIENT EXPOSURE REDUCTION
Patient/X-ray Configuration
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
PPT Slide
Patient/X-ray Configuration
Table Positioned High for a Tall Person
Patient Thickness
The Effect of mAs on Dose
The Effect of kVp on Dose
Proximity of the X-ray Tube To The Patient
Table Positioned High for a Tall Person
Proximity of the Image Intensifier To the Patient
Fluoroscopy Set-up Not Requiring a Grid
MAG MODE
The Grid
Fluoroscopy Set-up Not Requiring a Grid
Position “C” is Midway Between Positions “A” and “B”
Collimators
Example of “Coning-Down”
Shielding Options
Example of Skirt/Vest Lead Apron
Additional Shielding Options
Lead Acrylic Eye/Head/Neck Shield with Lower Body Drape
Beam-On Time
Last Image Hold Feature
Type of Fluoroscopic Units
Conventional Fluoroscopy Units
Cardiac Cath. & E.P. Labs
Bi-plane Fluoroscopy Units
Cystoscopy and Overhead Tubes
Digital and Pulsed Fluoroscopy
Mobile C-arms
High Dose Rate Fluoroscopy
Radio-resistant Surgical Gloves
Fluoroscopic Modes of Operation
Personnel Monitoring Devices
Personnel Monitoring Cont’d
Pregnant Personnel Exposure Reduction
Biological Effects to the Skin
Thresholds for Biological Effects
Thoracic Fluoroscopy of Women
Skin Radioprotectors
Average Patient Dose Rates
Closing Conclusions
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